Occupational skin exposure to water: a population-based study

Area of Science:

• Occupational Health
• Dermatology
• Public Health

Background:

• Occupational exposure to skin irritants, especially water, is a significant risk factor for hand eczema.
• Understanding the prevalence of water exposure in the workplace is essential for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the extent of occupational skin exposure to water within the general working population.
• To identify demographic and occupational factors associated with increased water exposure.

Main Methods:

• A public health survey conducted in Stockholm, Sweden.
• 18,267 employed individuals (aged 18-64) completed validated questionnaires on occupational water exposure.
• Data collected on exposure duration, frequency, and high-risk occupations for hand eczema.

Main Results:

• 20% of the working-age population reported occupational skin exposure to water.
• 16% reported exposure for ≥0.5 hours/day, 13% >10 times/day; 7% reported >2 hours/day, 6% >20 times/day.
• Women, young adults, and those in female-dominated occupations reported higher water exposure; women also had higher exposure within the same jobs. 18% were in high-risk occupations, with 59% reporting water exposure vs. 11% in low-risk jobs.

Conclusions:

• Occupational skin exposure to water affects 20% of the working population, being more prevalent in young adults and women.
• Using job titles alone can underestimate water exposure due to misclassification.
• Comprehensive assessment of occupational water exposure requires consideration of both frequency and duration.