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Related Concept Videos

Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
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Anaphase A and B

Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
09:40

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

Published on: September 20, 2011

Chemotaxis: TorC before you Akt...

Jason S King1, Robert H Insall

  • 1CR-UK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK. j.king@beatson.gla.ac.uk

Current Biology : CB
|September 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular signaling pathways control chemotaxis, the process of cell movement. TOR complex 2 spatially regulates Dictyostelium PKB/Akt, positioning it centrally in chemotaxis signaling.

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
09:40

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

Published on: September 20, 2011

Measurement of Cellular Chemotaxis with ECIS/Taxis
11:37

Measurement of Cellular Chemotaxis with ECIS/Taxis

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Assessment of Dictyostelium discoideum Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Signal transduction

Background:

  • Chemotaxis involves complex, interconnected signaling pathways.
  • Individual pathways within chemotaxis are not essential for the process.

Discussion:

  • Phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) by TOR complex 2 provides spatial regulation.
  • This regulation is independent of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3).

Key Insights:

  • TOR complex 2 acts as a central hub in chemotaxis signaling.
  • Spatial control of PKB/Akt is a critical mechanism in Dictyostelium chemotaxis.
  • The interplay between TOR complex 2 and PKB/Akt highlights pathway integration.

Outlook:

  • Further research into TOR complex 2's role in spatial signaling.
  • Exploring the implications for other cellular processes involving directed movement.
  • Investigating potential therapeutic targets in related signaling pathways.