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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Thoracic disk herniation with hematoma--case report.

Naohisa Miyakoshi¹, Michio Hongo, Yuji Kasukawa

¹Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neuro and Locomotor Science, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. miyakosh@doc.med.akita-u.ac.jp

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica

|September 25, 2008

Summary

A rare case of thoracic intervertebral disk herniation with hematoma caused severe spinal cord compression. Surgical removal of the herniated disk material and associated hematoma resolved the patient's symptoms.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Radiology

Background:

Intervertebral disk herniation (IDH) is common, but IDH with hematoma is exceptionally rare.
Patients on anticoagulant therapy may be at increased risk for spontaneous or secondary hemorrhage.
Thoracic IDH is less common than lumbar or cervical IDH, and often presents with atypical symptoms.

Observation:

A 54-year-old male on anticoagulants presented with acute progressive bilateral lower extremity numbness and weakness.
Thoracic spine MRI revealed T9-10 intervertebral disk herniation with severe spinal cord compression.
Imaging findings were hyperintense on T(1)-weighted and hypointense on T(2)-weighted sequences, suggestive of a hematoma.

Findings:

Surgical resection of the herniated disk material and aspiration of old hemorrhage from the intervertebral disk space.
Histopathological examination of the resected disk revealed hemosiderin deposition, confirming prior hemorrhage.
Complete resolution of neurological deficits postoperatively.

Implications:

This case highlights the possibility of intervertebral disk herniation with hematoma, particularly in patients with bleeding disorders or on anticoagulants.
Early diagnosis via MRI and prompt surgical intervention are crucial for favorable outcomes.
Understanding the association between hematoma and disk herniation can improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies for rare spinal pathologies.