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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...
Bending of Curved Members - Strain Analysis01:14

Bending of Curved Members - Strain Analysis

The mechanics of deformation in curved members, such as beams or arches, under bending moments, involve complex responses. When such a member, symmetric about the y-axis and shaped like a segment of a circle centered at point C, is subjected to equal and opposite forces, its curvature and surface lengths change significantly. This alteration results in the shift of the curvature's center from C to C', indicating a tighter curve.
The important part of bending analysis for such a member is the...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

Bending and Torsional Moments

Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
The reaction developed in a structural element when subjected to an external force causes the element to bend. When a structural element bends upwards, it creates compressive normal forces on the top and tensile normal forces on the bottom, resulting in a couple that determines the bending...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Clinical Efficacy of an Innovative Multidimensional Traction Therapy in Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
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Clinical Efficacy of an Innovative Multidimensional Traction Therapy in Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Published on: February 10, 2026

Bracing for scoliosis.

Robert F Heary1, Christopher M Bono, Sanjeev Kumar

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey, Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA. heary@umdnj.edu

Neurosurgery
|October 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Bracing is most effective for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in skeletally immature patients with flexible curves under 45 degrees. For adult, infantile, or congenital scoliosis, its benefits are limited or unproven.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Bracing represents the longest-standing conservative treatment for scoliotic spinal deformities.
  • The efficacy of bracing is contingent upon the specific etiology of the scoliosis and spinal flexibility.
  • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in skeletally immature patients presents a clear indication for bracing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role and effectiveness of bracing in managing various types of scoliotic spinal deformities.
  • To delineate the specific patient populations and curve characteristics for which bracing is most beneficial.
  • To compare the outcomes of bracing across different etiological categories and skeletal maturity levels.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical evidence on spinal deformity bracing.
  • Analysis of bracing outcomes based on patient age, skeletal maturity, scoliosis etiology, and curve magnitude.
  • Comparative assessment of bracing efficacy versus surgical intervention and observation.

Main Results:

  • Bracing can effectively arrest progression in AIS for skeletally immature patients, potentially avoiding surgery.
  • Bracing has minimal proven benefit for skeletally mature adult spinal deformities.
  • Infantile and congenital scoliosis typically necessitate surgical correction.
  • The utility of postoperative bracing remains a subject of debate.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal indication for spinal bracing is the treatment of skeletally immature adolescents with flexible idiopathic scoliosis curves less than 45 degrees.
  • Bracing is less effective in adult degenerative scoliosis, infantile idiopathic scoliosis, and congenital scoliosis.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of postoperative bracing.