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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
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General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
06:45

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Published on: September 16, 2022

Vertebral column resection for rigid spinal deformity.

Justin S Smith1, Vincent Y Wang, Christopher P Ames

  • 1University of Virginia, Department of Neurological Surgery, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Neurosurgery
|October 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebral column resection (VCR) offers significant correction for severe spinal deformities when other methods fail. This surgical technique addresses rigid curves and asymmetry, improving spinal alignment.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spinal Deformity Correction
  • Surgical Techniques

Background:

  • Vertebral column resection (VCR) is a complex surgical procedure indicated for moderate to severe spinal deformities.
  • These deformities can include large rigid curves, fixed trunk translation, or significant length discrepancies between the convex and concave sides of the deformity.
  • This review focuses on the application of VCR for correcting rigid spinal deformities.

Observation:

  • VCR involves the complete resection of one or more vertebral segments.
  • The procedure can be performed using combined anterior and posterior approaches or a posterior-only approach.
  • This technique allows for substantial correction of spinal deformity in all three dimensions (sagittal, coronal, and axial).

Findings:

  • The literature review confirms VCR's efficacy in correcting rigid spinal deformities.
  • Detailed descriptions of indications, preoperative planning, surgical techniques, complication avoidance, and postoperative management are provided.
  • Case examples illustrate the practical application and successful outcomes of VCR.

Implications:

  • VCR is a powerful tool for achieving significant correction in cases of rigid spinal deformity.
  • It provides a viable solution when less aggressive surgical or non-surgical approaches are insufficient.
  • The technique expands the options for managing complex spinal pathologies, potentially improving patient function and quality of life.