Radiographic measurement techniques
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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
Peter D Angevine1, Michael G Kaiser
1Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. pda9@columbia.edu
Abstract:
The evaluation and treatment of spinal deformities begins with the accurate measurement of appropriate spinal parameters. The surgeon must ensure that the patient is positioned properly for all necessary x-ray scans and that the proper studies are completed. The relevant measurements must be identified and recorded for each study. Understanding the proper measurement techniques will increase the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. From these precise measurements the surgeon can begin to determine key characteristics of the deformity and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
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