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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Detecting awareness in children by using an auditory intervention.

Andrew J Davidson1, Suzette J Sheppard, Anneke L Engwerda

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. andrew.davidson@rch.org.au

Anesthesiology
|September 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study found a low incidence of intraoperative awareness in children undergoing anesthesia, using auditory stimuli to assess awareness. The findings suggest awareness is less common in children than previously reported.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Anesthesia
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Intraoperative awareness in children is difficult to assess accurately.
  • A lack of specific measurement tools hinders understanding of awareness incidence and causes in pediatric patients.
  • Previous reports suggest a higher incidence of awareness in children compared to adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and timing of intraoperative awareness in children.
  • To utilize auditory stimuli as a method for assessing awareness during anesthesia in pediatric patients.
  • To establish a reliable method for identifying awareness in children under anesthesia.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory stimuli (animal noises) were played to 539 children (aged 5-12) during anesthesia.
  • Children were interviewed on post-anesthetic days 1 and 3 to assess awareness.
  • Awareness was confirmed by consensus among four adjudicators based on structured interviews.

Main Results:

  • Out of 500 children interviewed, one case of awareness was confirmed.
  • The confirmed case of awareness occurred despite the child not reporting hearing the auditory stimulus.
  • Thirty-five reports were sent for adjudication, indicating a low rate of potential awareness events.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of intraoperative awareness in this pediatric study is lower than previously reported.
  • The study provides a novel method for assessing awareness in children during anesthesia.
  • Further research may refine the understanding of awareness mechanisms in pediatric anesthesia.