Surgery of intrinsic cerebral tumors

Tumors and other structural lesions located with and adjacent to the cerebral cortex present certain challenges in terms of the overall management and design of surgical strategies. This comprehensive analysis attempts to define the current understanding of cerebral localization and function and includes the latest advances in functional imaging, as well as surgical technique, including localization of tumors and neurophysiological mapping to maximize extent of resection while minimizing morbidity. Finally, it remains to be seen whether or not stimulation mapping will be the most useful way to identify function within the cortex in the future. Another potential paradigm would be to actually record baseline oscillatory rhythms within the cortex and, following presentation of a given task, determine if those rhythms are disturbed enough to identify eloquent cortex as a means of functional localization. This would be a paradigm shift away from stimulation mapping, which currently deactivates the cortex, as opposed to identifying an activation function which identifies functional cortex.