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High gas pressure effects on yeast.

V Espinasse1, J-M Perrier-Cornet, A Marecat

  • 1Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Microbiologiques et alimentaires, ENSBANA, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France. jperrier@u-bourgogne.fr

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
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Summary

High pressure nitrogen effectively inactivates dried yeast by causing cell rupture through gas sorption and desorption. Water content critically influences this inactivation mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Food Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Dried microorganisms exhibit resistance to high hydrostatic pressure.
  • High pressure inert gases, particularly nitrogen, show potential for inactivating dried yeasts.
  • Understanding the inactivation mechanism is crucial for food preservation and microbial control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of inactivation of dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae by high-pressure inert gases.
  • To investigate the role of cell hydration in high-pressure gas inactivation.
  • To determine the influence of holding time and gas type on yeast inactivation.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure treatments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using inert gases at 150 MPa and 25°C.
  • Varied holding times up to 12 months.
  • Investigation of cell hydration levels (fully hydrated vs. dried cells).

Main Results:

  • Dried cells were sensitive to high-pressure gases, unlike hydrated cells.
  • Two inactivation kinetics were observed in dried cells: rapid inactivation up to 1 hour (4 log reduction) linked to membrane and cell wall damage, and slower inactivation with longer holding times.
  • Inactivation was attributed to gas sorption/desorption phenomena causing cell rupture, particularly during rapid pressure release, with water playing a key role.

Conclusions:

  • High-pressure inert gas treatment, especially rapid depressurization, is an effective method for inactivating dried yeast.
  • Cellular water content significantly impacts sensitivity to high-pressure gas inactivation.
  • The proposed mechanism involves gas sorption into lipid phases and subsequent expansion leading to cell rupture in dried cells.