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Cognitive control and white matter callosal microstructure in methamphetamine-dependent subjects: a diffusion tensor

Ruth Salo1, Thomas E Nordahl, Michael H Buonocore

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, UC Davis Medical Center, 4701 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. resalo@ucdavis.edu

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Methamphetamine abuse damages anterior white matter, impacting cognitive control. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed altered microstructure in the genu correlating with attention deficits in abusers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is linked to cerebral white matter (WM) damage, particularly in anterior regions.
  • MA-induced neurotoxicity may affect cognitive functions like attention and response inhibition.
  • Previous studies suggest anterior WM abnormalities, with less known about posterior WM changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between methamphetamine abuse, cognitive control, and white matter microstructure.
  • To compare anterior and posterior white matter integrity in abstinent MA abusers and controls.
  • To explore correlations between specific white matter indices and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient) in the callosal genu and splenium.
  • Employed a computerized Stroop selective attention task to measure cognitive control and reaction time interference.
  • Recruited 37 abstinent MA abusers and 17 healthy controls for neuroimaging and cognitive assessments.

Main Results:

  • MA abusers demonstrated significantly reduced cognitive control, evidenced by greater Stroop reaction time interference.
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the anterior callosal genu significantly correlated with cognitive control measures in MA abusers.
  • A trend for group differences in genu FA was observed, suggesting anterior white matter alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Methamphetamine abuse appears to alter anterior callosal white matter microstructure.
  • Posterior callosal white matter showed less evidence of microstructural change.
  • White matter integrity in the anterior corpus callosum is associated with cognitive control deficits in chronic MA users.