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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
10:27

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: October 21, 2022

Imprinted noncoding RNAs.

Jo Peters1, Joan E Robson

  • 1Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK. j.peters@har.mrc.ac.uk

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
|September 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Imprinted genes are silenced based on parental origin, often in clusters. Noncoding RNAs within these clusters play key roles in regulating gene silencing, acting either in cis or trans.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting involves parental-specific gene silencing.
  • Imprinted genes are frequently organized in clusters.
  • These clusters contain noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with parental-specific expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on imprinted noncoding RNAs.
  • To explore the functional roles of ncRNAs in genomic imprinting.
  • To discuss models for the mechanism of ncRNA-mediated imprinting.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on imprinted ncRNAs.
  • Analysis of functional studies demonstrating ncRNA roles.
  • Examination of proposed models for imprinting regulation.

Main Results:

  • Imprinted clusters harbor long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and short regulatory RNAs (sRNAs).
  • lncRNAs can act in cis to silence protein-coding genes within clusters.
  • sRNAs, including small nucleolar RNAs and microRNAs, act in trans to regulate targets outside their cluster of origin.

Conclusions:

  • Noncoding RNAs are critical regulators of genomic imprinting.
  • Both lncRNAs and sRNAs exhibit parental-specific regulation of gene expression.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the precise mechanisms of ncRNA-mediated silencing.