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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Predoctoral interns' nondisclosure in supervision.

Shirley A Hess¹, Sarah Knox, Jill M Schultz

¹Counseling and Student Personnel Services, College of Education, University of Maryland, USA. sahess@ship.edu

Psychotherapy Research : Journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research

|September 26, 2008

Summary

Predoctoral interns sometimes withhold information from supervisors, especially concerning personal client reactions or dissatisfaction. This nondisclosure negatively impacts interns, clients, and the supervisory relationship.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Counseling Supervision

Background:

Supervision is crucial for predoctoral interns' development.
Nondisclosure in supervision can hinder training and therapeutic alliance.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore reasons and effects of significant nondisclosure in counseling supervision.
To differentiate nondisclosure experiences based on supervisory relationship quality.

Main Methods:

Qualitative interviews with 14 predoctoral counseling interns.
Analysis of nondisclosure experiences in relation to supervisory relationship quality.

Main Results:

Interns in good relationships disclosed personal reactions; those in problematic relationships disclosed dissatisfaction.
Common reasons for nondisclosure included evaluation concerns and negative feelings.
Problematic supervision added power dynamics, cultural factors, and theoretical orientation as reasons.
Nondisclosure negatively affected interns, client relationships, and supervisory dynamics.

Conclusions:

The quality of the supervisory relationship significantly influences the nature and reasons for intern nondisclosure.
Addressing nondisclosure is vital for intern well-being, client care, and effective supervision.