Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Expert Consensus on Cause of Death Determinations in Antipsychotics-Related Deaths with Negative Autopsy Findings].

Fa yi xue za zhi·2026
Same author

Metagenomic profiling reveals lung multi-kingdom microbes as forensic markers for aquatic corpses investigation.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Microbiota signature of the lung as the promising bioindicator for drowning diagnosis and postmortem submersion interval estimation.

International journal of legal medicine·2025
Same author

A fundamental study on postmortem submersion interval estimation by metabolomics analyzing of gastrocnemius muscle from submersed rat models in freshwater.

International journal of legal medicine·2024
Same author

Preliminary observation of thyroid function changes in subclinical thyroid diseases.

Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine·2023
Same author

Detection of multiple biomarkers associated with satellite cell fate in the contused skeletal muscle of rats for wound age estimation.

International journal of legal medicine·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
11:14

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

[Tramadol intoxication and its toxicological effect].

Hua-xin Wang1, Ling Wang, Da-wei Guan

  • 1Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.

Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tramadol, a pain reliever, works by targeting opioid receptors and neurotransmitters. Increased reports of tramadol abuse, dependence, and toxicity highlight the need for careful review of its effects.

More Related Videos

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
07:51

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Published on: August 1, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
11:14

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
07:51

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice

Published on: August 1, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology

Context:

  • Tramadol is a widely used centrally acting analgesic for moderate to severe pain.
  • Its dual mechanism involves partial mu-opiate receptor agonism and inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake.
  • Increasing global reports link tramadol use to abuse, dependence, and adverse events.

Purpose:

  • To review the toxic effects of tramadol.
  • To analyze tramadol's analgesic mechanisms, adverse effects, and potential for abuse and dependence.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of tramadol's safety profile.

Summary:

  • Tramadol exerts its pain-relieving effects through a combination of opioid receptor interaction and neurotransmitter reuptake inhibition.
  • The drug's efficacy in managing acute and chronic pain is well-established.
  • However, concerns regarding tramadol's potential for abuse, dependence, and toxicity, especially when combined with other substances, are growing.

Impact:

  • Highlights the critical need for monitoring tramadol prescriptions and patient use.
  • Informs healthcare providers about the risks associated with tramadol, including potential toxicity and abuse.
  • Contributes to a better understanding of tramadol's complex pharmacological and toxicological profile for safer clinical application.