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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

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Published on: February 25, 2016

[Nitric oxide synthetase and carbon monoxide decrease in the penile corpus cavernous of hyper homocysteine rats].

Qing-Jun Chen1, Hui-Feng Cao, Dong-Sheng Zhang

  • 1Department of Urology, First Hospital Affiliated to Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, China. cqj555@163.com

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal of Andrology
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

High homocysteine (Hhcy) levels in rats, induced by a methionine-rich diet, significantly reduced nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and carbon monoxide (CO) in penile tissue. Hhcy is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction.

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En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
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Published on: February 25, 2016

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Urology

Context:

  • Elevated homocysteine (Hhcy) is increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to vascular dysfunction.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms linking Hhcy to erectile dysfunction (ED) is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the impact of diet-induced high homocysteine on nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the penile corpus cavernosum of Wistar rats.
  • To determine the correlation between altered NOS and CO levels and the development of erectile dysfunction in the context of Hhcy.

Summary:

  • Adult male Wistar rats were divided into control and Hhcy groups, with the Hhcy group receiving a diet supplemented with 3.0% methionine for four weeks.
  • The Hhcy group exhibited significantly higher serum homocysteine levels and significantly lower concentrations of NOS and CO in the penile corpus cavernosum compared to the control group.
  • These findings indicate that a methionine-induced Hhcy diet leads to reduced NOS and CO in penile tissue.

Impact:

  • This study establishes high homocysteine as an independent risk factor for erectile dysfunction in this rat model.
  • The results suggest that decreased NOS and CO bioavailability in the penile corpus cavernosum may be a key mechanism underlying Hhcy-associated ED.
  • Further research can explore therapeutic strategies targeting homocysteine metabolism or NOS/CO pathways to mitigate ED.