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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Cardiovascular involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Simona Sitia1, Fabiola Atzeni, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini

  • 1IRCCS Orthopedic Galeazzi Institute, University of Milan, Department of Health Technologies, Cardiology Unit, Milan, Italy.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular disease is a major concern for patients with autoimmune diseases, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis. Early detection of silent microcirculation abnormalities is crucial for managing this risk.

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Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
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Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells

Published on: August 17, 2022

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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
12:46

Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells

Published on: August 17, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic vasculitis significantly increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • CVD in these patients involves accelerated atherosclerosis, often presenting earlier and asymptomatically compared to the general population.
  • Specific risk factors include chronic inflammation, disease activity/duration, and immunosuppressive therapies, alongside traditional CVD risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant burden of cardiovascular disease in patients with autoimmune conditions.
  • To discuss the unique risk factors contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis in this population.
  • To review current diagnostic approaches for cardiovascular involvement, emphasizing early, subclinical detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cardiovascular complications in autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of traditional and specific risk factors for atherosclerosis in RA, SLE, APS, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis.
  • Comparison of diagnostic modalities for coronary stenosis and microcirculation abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in autoimmune disease patients.
  • Accelerated atherosclerosis occurs at a younger age and may be asymptomatic.
  • Early cardiovascular involvement may manifest as silent microcirculation disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with autoimmune diseases face a heightened risk of premature and often asymptomatic cardiovascular disease.
  • Early detection of subclinical microcirculation abnormalities is essential for timely intervention.
  • Integrating advanced non-invasive methods alongside traditional diagnostics improves cardiovascular risk assessment in autoimmune populations.