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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus
09:43

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Published on: April 23, 2014

Induced pluripotent stem cells generated without viral integration.

Matthias Stadtfeld1, Masaki Nagaya, Jochen Utikal

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using non-integrating adenoviruses, avoiding harmful genome-integrating viruses. This safer method demonstrates that genetic integration is unnecessary for successful cell reprogramming.

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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

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Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
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Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids
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Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
09:45

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Published on: January 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Current methods for generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells often rely on integrating viruses, posing safety concerns.
  • Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc are key transcription factors for cellular reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a safer method for generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
  • To investigate if non-integrating viral vectors can efficiently reprogram somatic cells.
  • To assess the pluripotency and developmental potential of virally reprogrammed cells.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of mouse iPS cells from fibroblasts and liver cells.
  • Transient expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc using non-integrating adenoviruses.
  • Analysis of DNA demethylation, pluripotency gene expression, teratoma formation, and germline contribution in chimeric mice.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated mouse adenoviral iPS (adeno-iPS) cells using transient, non-integrating adenoviral expression.
  • Adeno-iPS cells exhibited characteristic DNA demethylation and expressed endogenous pluripotency markers.
  • These cells formed teratomas and contributed to various tissues, including the germline, in chimeric mice.

Conclusions:

  • Insertional mutagenesis is not a prerequisite for in vitro reprogramming of somatic cells.
  • Adenoviral reprogramming offers a safer alternative for generating iPS cells.
  • This improved method facilitates the study of patient-specific stem cells and comparisons between embryonic stem cells and iPS cells.