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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the nucleus...
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Complete characterization of quantum-optical processes.

Mirko Lobino1, Dmitry Korystov, Connor Kupchak

  • 1Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new quantum optical process characterization method. This technique uses homodyne tomography to precisely assess quantum devices, enabling advanced quantum information and control applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum control

Background:

  • Quantum technologies require precise characterization of internal processes.
  • Current methods may not offer complete assessment of quantum device operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a versatile method for characterizing any quantum optical process with high accuracy.
  • To enable full exploitation of advanced quantum information and control technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing homodyne tomography to analyze the effect of a quantum process.
  • Applying the protocol to a set of coherent states (classical fields).
  • Experimentally verifying the method using a test process on squeezed vacuum.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a method for arbitrarily accurate characterization of quantum optical processes.
  • Successfully recovered complete knowledge of a test process's effect on squeezed vacuum.
  • Validated the protocol's capability through experimental verification.

Conclusions:

  • The presented method offers a robust solution for complete quantum process characterization.
  • This technique is crucial for advancing the capabilities of quantum information and control systems.
  • Accurate assessment of quantum devices is key to unlocking their full potential.