[Spontaneous pneumothorax in women]

Area of Science:

• Medical Science
• Pulmonology
• Thoracic Surgery

Context:

• Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is uncommon in females, comprising about 10% of cases.
• Female SP presents unique clinical characteristics distinct from male presentations.
• This study analyzes 20 female SP cases over 7 years, comparing them to general pneumothorax data.

Purpose:

• To delineate the specific clinical features and etiological factors of spontaneous pneumothorax in women.
• To investigate the association of female SP with underlying diseases, menstrual cycles, and anatomical abnormalities.
• To differentiate female SP from male SP and establish its typical presentation and contributing factors.

Summary:

• Female SP cases are rare, with a later age of onset (fourth decade) compared to males.
• Idiopathic SP is infrequent in women (3/20 cases); secondary causes, particularly Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) or respiratory diseases (75%), are predominant.
• While not fitting typical menstrual pneumothorax criteria, relapsing cases during menstruation warrant investigation for pelvic endometriosis. Rib malformations are also noted.
• Female pneumothorax is more frequently a complication of another condition than an autonomous pleural disease, contrasting with male presentations.

Impact:

• Provides crucial insights into the distinct pathophysiology of pneumothorax in women.
• Informs clinical practice regarding the diagnosis and management of female spontaneous pneumothorax.
• Highlights the importance of investigating secondary causes and potential gynecological links in female patients presenting with pneumothorax.