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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:32

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Intronic Alus influence alternative splicing.

Galit Lev-Maor1, Oren Ram, Eddo Kim

  • 1Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Plos Genetics
|September 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human RNA editing is extensive due to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation, primarily from Alu elements within introns. These intronic Alus influence alternative splicing of flanking exons, shaping the human transcriptome.

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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
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Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: October 9, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

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Published on: April 22, 2021

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
11:48

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: October 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • The human transcriptome exhibits exceptionally high RNA editing levels compared to other species.
  • This editing is linked to widespread double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation, particularly involving primate-specific Alu retrotransposed elements.
  • A significant portion of Alu elements reside within introns, suggesting frequent dsRNA formation in mRNA precursors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of intronic Alu elements on the splicing of adjacent exons.
  • To determine if Alu insertions can alter exon splicing patterns, potentially contributing to transcriptome evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of Alu element distribution around constitutively versus alternatively spliced exons.
  • Experimental validation of Alu-Alu base-pairing and its effect on splicing using RNA editing as an indicator.
  • Examination of evolutionary changes in exon splicing modes associated with Alu insertions.

Main Results:

  • Intronic Alu elements are more prevalent around alternatively spliced exons than constitutively spliced ones.
  • Exons that shifted from constitutive to alternative splicing during human evolution show a notable association with flanking Alus.
  • Experimental evidence confirmed that oppositely oriented intronic Alus can form dsRNA and alter downstream exon splicing from constitutive to alternative.

Conclusions:

  • Intronic Alu elements play a significant role in modulating the splicing of flanking exons.
  • Alu insertions can drive changes in splicing patterns, contributing to the diversification of the human transcriptome.
  • RNA editing serves as a marker for dsRNA formation and functional interactions between intronic Alus and splicing machinery.