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Related Concept Videos

Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
12:18

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Published on: February 9, 2011

Non-staphylococcal Gram-positive bacteraemia without a known source.

Bruno Hoen1

  • 1Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, University of Besançon Medical Center, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France. bruno.hoen@univ-fcomte.fr

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|September 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review covers Gram-positive cocci bacteraemia, excluding staphylococci. It focuses on streptococci (groups A, B, C, G) and nutritionally variant streptococci causing bloodstream infections without a clear source.

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
12:18

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Published on: February 9, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Bacteraemia, or bloodstream infection, poses significant clinical challenges.
  • Identifying the causative pathogen is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Unidentified sources of bacteraemia complicate management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review bacteraemia caused by Gram-positive cocci, specifically excluding staphylococci.
  • To discuss the role of various streptococci groups in bacteraemia.
  • To highlight bacteraemia due to nutritionally variant streptococci.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Gram-positive cocci bacteraemia.
  • Analysis of cases involving streptococci (groups A, B, C, G).
  • Inclusion of data on nutritionally variant streptococci.

Main Results:

  • Streptococci (groups A, B, C, G) are significant causes of bacteraemia without a known source.
  • Nutritionally variant streptococci represent a specific challenge in diagnosing and treating bacteraemia.
  • Exclusion of staphylococci allows focused analysis of other Gram-positive cocci.

Conclusions:

  • Gram-positive cocci, excluding staphylococci, are important pathogens in bacteraemia of unknown origin.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and characteristics of these streptococci is vital for clinical practice.
  • Further research into nutritionally variant streptococci is warranted.