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The superior labial frenum: a histologic observation
1Department of Anatomy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Dental School.
Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany : 1985)
|June 1, 1991
Summary
Histological examination of superior labial frena revealed stratified squamous epithelia and dense connective tissue. Most frena contained nerve fibers and vascular channels, with some also including skeletal muscle fibers.
Area of Science:
- Oral anatomy
- Histology
Background:
- The superior labial frenum is a midline fold of tissue connecting the lip to the alveolar process.
- Its histological composition and variations are not fully elucidated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To histologically characterize the components of the superior labial frenum.
- To identify variations in its epithelial covering and underlying connective tissue.
Main Methods:
- Histological examination of superior labial frena specimens.
- Analysis of epithelial types (nonkeratotic, orthokeratotic, parakeratotic).
- Identification of connective tissue components, including nerve fibers, vascular channels, and muscle fibers.
Main Results:
- Frena were covered by stratified squamous epithelia, varying with gingival extent.
- Dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue was a consistent component.
- Myelinated nerve fiber bundles and small vascular channels were present in almost all frena.
- Skeletal muscle fibers were identified in 35% of the examined frena.
Conclusions:
- The superior labial frenum exhibits a complex histological structure.
- Presence of neural and vascular elements suggests functional significance.
- The occasional finding of skeletal muscle warrants further investigation into its role.
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