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Factors associated with treatment failure in childhood tuberculosis

Sindhu Sivanandan1, Mandeep Walia, Rakesh Lodha

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|September 30, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) significantly increases treatment failure risk in children. Non-receipt of BCG vaccination and AFB positivity were also linked to poorer outcomes in this tuberculosis study.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding factors contributing to treatment failure is crucial for improving patient outcomes and controlling disease spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of treatment failure in children diagnosed with tuberculosis.
  • To analyze the association between demographic, clinical, and microbiological factors and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 541 children with tuberculosis.
  • Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess factors associated with treatment failure.

Main Results:

  • The overall treatment failure rate was 15.5% (82 out of 541 children).
  • Bivariate analysis indicated that Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) positivity, non-receipt of BCG vaccination, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) were associated with treatment failure.
  • Multivariate analysis revealed that only EPTB remained a significant independent predictor of treatment failure.

Conclusions:

  • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is a key risk factor for treatment failure in children.
  • Targeted interventions and closer monitoring for children with EPTB are warranted to improve treatment success rates.

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