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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
06:17

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

Current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections

Masatoki Sato1, Peter F Wright

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|October 23, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Developing parainfluenza virus (PIV) vaccines is crucial for preventing severe respiratory illness in children. Promising candidates, including bovine PIV3 and cold-adapted PIV3 vaccines, show safety and immunogenicity, warranting further efficacy trials.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) are significant causes of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections, accounting for 17% of virus isolations in hospitalized children.
  • Despite their impact, PIVs have been historically underestimated as pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current PIV vaccine candidates and novel development strategies.
  • To highlight the potential of PIV vaccines in preventing infant and young child respiratory infections.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of intranasally administered bovine PIV3 (bPIV3) and cold-adapted PIV3 vaccines in pediatric populations.
  • Assessment of bPIV3 as an attenuated backbone for chimeric vaccines expressing human PIV3 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) proteins.
  • Demonstration of vaccine effectiveness in animal models (African green monkeys).

Main Results:

  • The cold-adapted PIV3 vaccine is safe and immunogenic in seronegative children, with a 79% seroconversion rate.
  • BPIV3 vaccine shows a 57-65% seroconversion rate but limited response to heterotypic human strains.
  • A chimeric bPIV3 vaccine demonstrated effectiveness against both PIV3 and RSV challenge in African green monkeys.

Conclusions:

  • Promising PIV vaccine candidates, including bPIV3 and cold-adapted PIV3, show safety and immunogenicity.
  • These candidates are suitable for efficacy trials to prevent PIV3 disease.
  • Mucosal vaccination strategies using PIV vaccines may serve as a model for protection against various respiratory illnesses.

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