Effects of 5-Form, Yang Style Tai Chi on older females who have or are at risk for developing osteoporosis

This study investigated the effects of 5-Form, Yang Style Tai Chi (TC) on balance confidence, balance performance, functional strength, mobility, and incidence of falls among individuals with or at risk for developing osteoporosis. This was a pilot outcomes study in which participants served as their own controls. Thirty-one independent, community-dwelling women (mean age of 67.3 years) attended TC sessions twice a week for 12 weeks and practiced at least 1 day a week on their own. A specific TC instruction video was used to facilitate home practice. Baseline, immediate postintervention, and 6 and 12 months postintervention data were recorded. Outcome measures included the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, One-Legged Stance Test (OLST) for both legs, Repeated Chair Stands (RCS), and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Exercise performance and falls were tracked during the study by using daily diaries. Balance performance, functional strength, and mobility significantly improved (p < 0.05) immediately postintervention. Most benefits were sustained at 6 months, but only functional strength and mobility remained improved at 12 months postintervention. Most participants reported exercising at the 6- and 12-month follow-up. However, very few individuals continued to practice TC on a regular basis (more than once a week) beyond the 12-week intervention. Balance confidence or incidence of falls did not improve.