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Related Concept Videos

Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Development of an IFN-&#947; ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
08:04

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 9, 2014

[Varicella pneumonia].

P Meylan1, P Vollenweider, F Gianinazzi

  • 1Institut de microbiologie et Service de maladies infectieuses, CHUV, Lausanne.

Praxis
|September 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chickenpox (varicella) is highly prevalent in temperate climates, posing severe risks for adults, including higher mortality and complication rates. Prompt treatment and vaccination are crucial for managing severe cases and preventing illness.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chickenpox (varicella) exhibits high seroprevalence in temperate regions, predominantly affecting younger populations.
  • Adult chickenpox cases are infrequent but associated with significantly increased mortality and complication risks compared to pediatric cases.

Observation:

  • Adults experience a 40-fold higher mortality rate and a 25-fold higher complication rate from chickenpox than children.
  • Pneumonia is the most common severe complication in adults, particularly impacting immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women.

Findings:

  • Intravenous aciclovir is the recommended prompt treatment for chickenpox-induced pneumonia in adults.
  • Chickenpox vaccination is advised for seronegative young individuals with risk factors for severe disease.
  • Post-exposure vaccination within 3 days can prevent or mitigate illness in up to 90% of cases; immunoglobulins are an alternative for high-risk, unvaccinated individuals.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for improving outcomes in adult chickenpox cases.
  • Vaccination strategies are essential for preventing severe varicella infections and associated complications.
  • Public health initiatives should focus on adult vaccination and awareness of risks associated with chickenpox in this demographic.