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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

Pulse Assessment Sites

Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
08:25

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Normative values for the Foot Posture Index.

Anthony C Redmond1, Yvonne Z Crane, Hylton B Menz

  • 1Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Disease, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. a.redmond@leeds.ac.uk.

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
|September 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study established normative Foot Posture Index (FPI) values, finding that foot posture relates to age and pathology but not gender or BMI. These reference values aid clinical foot posture assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Podiatry and Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a validated tool for assessing standing foot posture in clinical settings.
  • Normative data for the FPI has been lacking, hindering consistent interpretation and comparison.
  • This research aimed to establish reliable FPI reference values for diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive normative Foot Posture Index (FPI) reference values for children, adults, and older individuals.
  • To investigate the influence of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and specific pathologies on FPI scores.
  • To provide a basis for improved clinical decision-making and research in foot posture assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of online databases identified studies reporting FPI data.
  • Anonymized datasets from nine authors, totaling 1648 observations, were aggregated.
  • Rasch model transformation of FPI scores was used to define normal ranges, with statistical analyses comparing different demographic and clinical groups.

Main Results:

  • A slightly pronated foot posture (mean raw FPI score of +4) was identified as the normal resting position in a healthy adult population (n=619).
  • Foot posture index scores exhibited a 'U'-shaped relationship with age, with significantly higher scores in minors and older adults compared to the general adult population.
  • No significant differences in FPI scores were found between males and females, nor was a relationship observed between FPI and BMI. Pathological populations (neurogenic and idiopathic cavus) showed systematic differences from normal values.

Conclusions:

  • Population-specific normative values for the Foot Posture Index (FPI) have been established for children, adults, and older individuals.
  • Foot posture is significantly influenced by age and the presence of specific foot pathologies.
  • Established normative FPI values can enhance the classification of foot types in research and support clinical decision-making.