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Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

Published on: March 31, 2023

Cardiac valvular inflammatory pseudotumor.

Pradeep Vaideeswar¹, Anil M Patwardhan, Pragati A Sathe

¹Department of Pathology (Cardiovascular & Thoracic Division), Seth G. S. Medical College and K. E. M. Hospital, Mumbai, India. shreeprajai@yahoo.co.in

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

|September 30, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammatory pseudotumors, rare heart tumors, can cause significant valve damage. This case highlights a valvular pseudotumor leading to chronic mitral and aortic regurgitation in an elderly patient.

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

Published on: March 31, 2023

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Pathology
Oncology
Thoracic Surgery

Background:

Inflammatory pseudotumors are rare, benign-appearing lesions with a propensity for recurrence.
While commonly found in the lungs, they can occur in various extrapulmonary locations.
Cardiac involvement is exceptionally uncommon, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

A case report of an elderly woman presenting with symptoms suggestive of valvular dysfunction.
Diagnostic imaging revealed a mass involving the mitral and aortic valves.
The mass was surgically resected and pathologically confirmed as an inflammatory pseudotumor.

Findings:

The valvular pseudotumor was the cause of chronic mitral and aortic regurgitation.
Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, ruling out malignant neoplasia.
Successful surgical intervention restored valvular function.

Implications:

This case expands the known anatomical distribution of inflammatory pseudotumors.
Highlights the importance of considering inflammatory pseudotumors in the differential diagnosis of valvular heart disease, even in cardiac locations.
Underscores the potential for significant valvular compromise from these quasineoplastic lesions.