[Double fertilization in flowering plants: 1898-2008]

Area of Science:

• Plant reproduction biology
• Developmental botany
• Flowering plant embryology

Background:

• Double fertilization, a key event in flowering plant reproduction, was discovered by S.G. Navashin.
• Understanding the origins of the female gametophyte and endosperm is crucial in plant embryology.
• Early plant development involves complex interactions between gametophyte and sporophyte stages.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings in plant embryology related to double fertilization.
• To discuss the origins of the female gametophyte, double fertilization, and endosperm formation.
• To highlight the role of molecular processes in early plant ontogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Electron microscopy
• Fluorescence microscopy
• Cytophotometry
• In vitro cultures of ovules, sperms, eggs, and central cells

Main Results:

• Investigations provide insights into the processes of double fertilization in vivo and in vitro.
• Studies using advanced microscopy and cell cultures have elucidated key aspects of plant reproduction.
• The research connects early developmental stages with molecular mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Progress in plant embryology is significantly driven by studying molecular processes.
• Understanding molecular control is essential for comprehending female gametophyte and sporophyte development.
• Further research into molecular pathways will advance knowledge of double fertilization and plant ontogenesis.