Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

Muscle Coordination and Action

Muscle Coordination and Action

Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement.

Indirect Motor Pathways

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...

Visual Agnosia

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Reexamining the Relationship Between Stereopsis and Motion Parallax.

Annual review of vision science·2026

Same author

Conflicting ordinal and metric depth information interferes with depth matching.

Journal of vision·2026

Same author

Contributions of headset IPD fit, vection and sway to cybersickness during head mounted display based virtual reality.

Applied ergonomics·2026

Same author

Differences in perceived travel distance from central versus peripheral optic flow are the same when standing and walking.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Depth Cue Conflicts Between Real and Virtual Objects Disrupt Visually-Guided Reaching in Augmented Reality.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026

Same author

Axes of self-motion and object motion shape how we perceive world-relative motion.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Active gaze, visual look-ahead, and locomotor control.

Richard M Wilkie¹, John P Wann, Robert S Allison

¹Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England. r.m.wilkie@leeds.ac.uk

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance

|October 1, 2008

Summary

Active gaze guides steering trajectories by focusing on immediate obstacles and anticipating the next. Manipulating gaze patterns caused steering errors, highlighting the importance of natural visual sampling for smooth navigation.

More Related Videos

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Area of Science:

Motor control
Visual perception
Locomotion

Background:

Understanding how visual information guides movement is crucial for explaining complex behaviors like steering.
Previous research suggests gaze plays a role, but the precise mechanisms linking gaze patterns to locomotor trajectories remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of active gaze in shaping steering trajectories during obstacle navigation.
To determine how gaze switching between targets influences steering behavior and accuracy.

Main Methods:

Participants steered a virtual bicycle through slalom gates in a simulator.
Gaze behavior was monitored, and steering performance was assessed by gate-passing distance and trajectory smoothness.
Experimental conditions manipulated gaze constraints (spatial and temporal) to probe the gaze-steering relationship.

Main Results:

Participants naturally fixated the nearest gate until approximately 1.5 seconds away, then shifted gaze to the next.
Imposing unnatural gaze patterns led to systematic steering errors.
Peripheral vision aided in reducing errors when direct gaze was constrained.

Conclusions:

Active gaze sampling, involving a predictive shift to upcoming targets, is fundamental to effective steering.
The findings support a model of steering based on active visual sampling, consistent with real-world high-speed steering principles.