Related Experiment Videos
Risk factors and outcome in ICU-acquired infections
S Magnason1, K G Kristinsson, T Stefansson
1Department of Anesthesia, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
|October 1, 2008
Summary
Intensive care unit (ICU) infections increase mortality, particularly pneumonia and bloodstream infections. Risk factors for pneumonia include mechanical ventilation and lack of enteral nutrition, not gastrointestinal issues.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Nosocomial infections are a significant concern in intensive care units (ICUs).
- Understanding risk factors and mortality associated with ICU-acquired infections is crucial for patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for infections acquired in the ICU.
- To determine the mortality attributed to ICU-acquired infections.
Main Methods:
- An observational study was conducted over 27 months in a 10-bed multidisciplinary ICU.
- Infections were diagnosed using CDC criteria; airway colonization was analyzed by molecular typing.
- Multivariable logistic regression and time-varying proportional hazards regression were used to analyze risk factors and survival.
Main Results:
- Of 278 patients, 81 (29%) acquired infections, including urinary tract infections (14%), primary bloodstream infections (9%), and pneumonia (8%).
- Mechanical ventilation (OR=7.9) and lack of enteral nutrition (OR=8.0) were risk factors for pneumonia; gastric acid inhibitors showed no effect.
- ICU-acquired pneumonia (HR=3.6) and primary bloodstream infections (HR=2.5) significantly increased mortality risk.
Conclusions:
- Mortality is elevated by ICU-acquired pneumonia and primary bloodstream infections.
- The study did not support the gastro-pulmonary hypothesis for ICU-acquired pneumonia.
- Blood transfusions were not found to increase the risk of ICU-acquired nosocomial infections.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
01:25Endocarditis I: Introduction
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...