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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
Plastic Deformations01:14

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
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Interactive Molecular Model Assembly with 3D Printing
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On the relation between native geometry and conformational plasticity.

Patrícia F N Faísca1, Cláudio M Gomes

  • 1Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal. patnev@cii.fc.ul.pt

Biophysical Chemistry
|October 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein folding plasticity, the ability to adopt multiple pathways, is higher for structures with local contacts. Geometries rich in long-range contacts exhibit less plasticity and greater robustness to mutations.

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Area of Science:

  • Protein folding dynamics
  • Biophysics
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Protein folding plasticity describes the number of alternative folding pathways.
  • This plasticity is influenced by free energy perturbations, such as mutations.
  • The native geometry's contact distribution (local vs. non-local) is a key factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between protein folding plasticity and the proportion of local versus non-local native contacts.
  • To understand how native geometry influences folding robustness.

Main Methods:

  • Monte Carlo simulations were employed.
  • Simple lattice protein models were used to represent protein structures.
  • The study analyzed folding pathways in response to perturbations.

Main Results:

  • Structures rich in local contacts demonstrated significantly higher folding plasticity.
  • Native geometries characterized by a large number of long-range contacts showed lower folding plasticity.
  • Increased folding cooperativity in long-range contact-rich structures contributes to robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Folding plasticity is inversely related to the prevalence of long-range native contacts.
  • Higher folding cooperativity in structures with extensive non-local contacts confers greater resistance to mutations.
  • Native geometry plays a crucial role in determining protein folding pathway diversity and stability.