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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

IDO: a double-edged sword for T(H)1/T(H)2 regulation.

Hui Xu¹, Guang-Xian Zhang, Bogoljub Ciric

¹Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. hui.xu@jefferson.edu

Immunology Letters

|October 1, 2008

Summary

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses T(H)1 immune responses. This review explores how the IDO-kynurenine pathway may uniquely up-regulate T(H)2 dominant immune responses, differing from its T(H)1 role.

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Published on: February 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology
Metabolic Pathways

Background:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is recognized for its immunosuppressive role in T(H)1 cell-mediated immunity.
The function of IDO in T(H)2 dominant immune systems remains less understood.
Emerging research suggests IDO's role in T(H)2 regulation may differ significantly from its impact on T(H)1 responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing evidence on the regulatory functions of IDO and tryptophan metabolites in T(H)1 and T(H)2 cell differentiation.
To elucidate the distinct roles of the IDO-kynurenine pathway in different T helper cell responses.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating IDO and tryptophan metabolites in T(H)1/T(H)2 differentiation.
Analysis of published data on the immunomodulatory effects of the IDO-kynurenine pathway.

Main Results:

The IDO-kynurenine pathway acts as a negative feedback loop for T(H)1 cells.
Evidence suggests a distinct role for the IDO-kynurenine pathway in promoting T(H)2 dominant immune responses.

Conclusions:

IDO's function varies between T(H)1 and T(H)2 immune responses.
The IDO-kynurenine pathway may be a key regulator in shifting immune balance towards T(H)2 dominance.