[Guidelines for the management of uveitis in internal medicine]

In developed countries, uveitis is quite common and chronic course is associated with a poor visual prognosis. However, no guidelines for their management have been consensually proposed. Based on the experience of ophthalmologists and internists from tertiary care centers, this article describes the management of uveitis, including the diagnostic procedure, indications and types of anti-inflammatory treatments. We focus on the interest of an exhaustive ophthalmologic examination for the diagnosis of an underlying systemic disease such as sarcoidosis. In this way, a multidisciplinary staff could be useful for an optimal management of uveitis. We also reviewed the main current treatments for severe uveitis. Whatever the origin of ocular inflammation, corticosteroids are consensually used as first line treatment. However, the identification of an underlying systemic disease helps in the refinement of further therapeutic choices. In cases of refractory and sight threatening uveitis, the short-term use of infliximab, a chimeric anti-TNF-alpha antibody, has been shown to be effective and safe. These recommendations do not constitute treatment guidelines but aim at improving the uniformity of clinical practice for the management of uveitis, until higher levels of evidence are obtained.