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Related Concept Videos

Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic ReticulumThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranous sacs and tubules in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus. This structural continuity integrates nuclear and cytoplasmic processes and facilitates efficient intracellular transport. This allows mRNA to move directly from the nucleus to ribosomes for efficient protein synthesis. As a result, the ER serves as a central site for the synthesis, processing, and distribution of...
The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...

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From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
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From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins

Published on: July 4, 2016

Endoplasmic reticulum bodies: solving the insoluble.

Eliot M Herman1

  • 1Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States. eherman@danforthcenter.org

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|October 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Plant cells create ER bodies, specialized organelles storing insoluble materials like proteins and lipids. This process forms an alternative pathway for trafficking these substances within the cell.

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
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Published on: July 4, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Cell Biology
  • Organelle Biogenesis
  • Molecular Trafficking

Background:

  • Plant cells synthesize various insoluble compounds, including triglycerides, proteins, and rubber.
  • These insoluble materials are assembled into unique, inert organelles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as ER bodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biogenesis and function of ER bodies in plant cells.
  • To understand the mechanism by which insoluble substances are sequestered and trafficked within the cell.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the origin of ER bodies from specific tubular ER domains.
  • Analyzing the role of cytoskeletal interactions and integral ER proteins in ER body formation and maintenance.
  • Examining the conversion of soluble ER-synthesized proteins into insoluble aggregates for ER body formation.

Main Results:

  • ER bodies originate from tubular ER domains stabilized by cytoskeletal elements and integral ER proteins.
  • These organelles sequester insoluble materials and are typically transferred to the vacuole, though they can persist in the cytoplasm.
  • Soluble ER-synthesized proteins can be converted into insoluble aggregates to form ER bodies destined for vacuolar transport.

Conclusions:

  • ER bodies represent a distinct class of plant organelles involved in the storage of insoluble materials.
  • The formation and trafficking of ER bodies constitute an alternative secretory pathway for transport-incompetent substances.
  • This pathway allows plant cells to efficiently manage and sequester specific insoluble compounds.