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Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

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Compact plasmonic variable optical attenuator.

Kristjan Leosson¹, Tiberiu Rosenzveig, Petur G Hermannsson

¹Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. kleos@hi.is

|October 1, 2008

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We developed compact plasmonic nanowire thermo-optic variable optical attenuators for fiber optics. These devices offer high performance, including a >40 dB extinction ratio and low driving voltage, enabling efficient signal control.

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

Variable optical attenuators (VOAs) are crucial components in optical communication systems for managing signal power.
Plasmonic nanostructures offer unique optical properties for miniaturized device applications.
Thermo-optic devices provide a voltage-controlled method for optical attenuation.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate novel plasmonic nanowire-based thermo-optic variable optical attenuators (VOAs).
To characterize the performance of these VOAs in the 1525-1625 nm wavelength range.
To explore device miniaturization and performance optimization.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of plasmonic nanowires with controlled geometry.

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Integration of nanowires into a thermo-optic VOA device structure.

Optical characterization of device performance, including extinction ratio, driving voltage, modulation bandwidth, and polarization-dependent loss (PDL).

Main Results:

Demonstrated VOAs operating in the 1525-1625 nm range with a footprint as small as 1 mm.
Achieved an extinction ratio exceeding 40 dB and a driving voltage below 3 V.
Observed a full modulation bandwidth of 1 kHz and PDL critically dependent on nanowire geometry, with values as low as +/-2.5 dB.
Proposed a more compact design to reduce insertion loss to approximately 1 dB.

Conclusions:

Plasmonic nanowire technology enables the development of highly efficient and compact thermo-optic VOAs.
Device geometry is a critical factor for optimizing PDL.
The proposed compact design holds promise for further reducing insertion loss and enhancing device performance for optical communication applications.