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Measuring optical tunneling times using a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer.

D J Papoular1, P Cladé, S V Polyakov

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. david.papoular@u-psud.fr

Optics Express
|October 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study predicts optical tunneling delay using Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. The measured delay is the group delay, appearing superluminal for thick air gaps, but involves no non-causal effects.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Wave phenomena
  • Interferometry

Background:

  • Optical tunneling experiments measure light propagation through barriers.
  • Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a key quantum optical phenomenon.
  • Goos-Hänchen shift describes beam displacement at reflection, generalized here for frustrated total internal reflection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict the delay in optical tunneling experiments using HOM interference.
  • To clarify assumptions for calculating tunneling delay with HOM interferometry.
  • To investigate the nature of measured delays and rule out wavepacket reshaping explanations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to measure optical tunneling delay.
  • Applying a generalized Goos-Hänchen shift for frustrated total internal reflection.

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  • Analyzing the HOM signal shape and comparing predicted delays with classical ones.

    • Main Results:

    • The measured tunneling delay is identified as the group delay.
    • Apparent superluminal propagation is observed for sufficiently thick air gaps.
    • HOM signals with multiple minima can be obtained and are unaffected by the tunneling zone.
    • Wavepacket reshaping is ruled out as an explanation for short tunneling delays.

    Conclusions:

    • The predicted tunneling delay is consistent with group delay.
    • The phenomenon does not involve non-causal effects.
    • HOM interference provides a robust method for studying optical tunneling dynamics.