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Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Regional Terms01:12

Regional Terms

Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

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Five-year analysis of neoadjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib for stage III melanoma.

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Hypofractionated or Conventionally Fractionated Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Regional Lymph Node Dissection for High-Risk Stage III Melanoma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Murine Mesenteric Lymphadenectomy for Selective Disruption of Lymphatic Communication with Region-Specific Gut
07:27

Murine Mesenteric Lymphadenectomy for Selective Disruption of Lymphatic Communication with Region-Specific Gut

Published on: December 30, 2025

[Regional lymph nodes at a distance].

B B R Kroon1, C A Hoefnagel, R A Valdés Olmos

  • 1Nederlands Kanker Instituut-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Postbus 90.203, 1006 BE Amsterdam. b.kroon@nki.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|October 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Regional lymph node dissection for cancer can cause recurrence in new lymph node basins. Careful monitoring of these distant basins is crucial for potential curative treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Cancer Metastasis

Background:

  • Regional lymph node dissection is a standard procedure for staging and treating various cancers, including melanoma and breast cancer.
  • Potential complications and long-term sequelae of lymph node dissection are critical areas of ongoing research.

Observation:

  • Three patients (two with melanoma, one with breast cancer) experienced local tumor recurrence after initial lymph node dissection.
  • Recurrent tumors in these patients led to metastasis in previously unaffected, distant lymph node basins.

Findings:

  • Diversion of lymphatic flow post-dissection can facilitate metastasis to new regional basins if local tumor recurs.
  • One melanoma patient died from distant metastasis, while another and the breast cancer patient achieved long-term disease-free survival after further treatment.

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Single-port Non-liposuction Endoscopic Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Breast Cancer Surgery
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  • The study highlights a previously under-recognized phenomenon of cancer spread to new lymphatic territories.

    • Implications:

    • Metastasis to these secondary lymph node basins, though uncommon, may be amenable to curative treatment, such as repeat lymph node dissection.
    • Enhanced surveillance of these distant lymph node basins during follow-up is essential for early detection and intervention.
    • Understanding this lymphatic diversion phenomenon can improve patient management and long-term outcomes in cancer survivors.