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Related Concept Videos

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Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD01:21

Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

The Tail Suspension Test
10:17

The Tail Suspension Test

Published on: January 28, 2012

A shifty stop for a hairy tail.

Adam S Olia1, Gino Cingolani

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.

Molecular Microbiology
|October 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophage SPP1 uses a unique translational frameshift to produce two tail proteins from a single gene. This mechanism allows the Siphoviridae phage to build its complex tail machine with fewer proteins.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The bacteriophage SPP1 tail is a complex molecular machine responsible for host cell attachment and genome delivery.
  • It interacts with the Bacillus subtilis receptor YueB and facilitates DNA ejection across the bacterial cell envelope.

Discussion:

  • Auzat et al. reveal that the SPP1 tail's major structural proteins, gp17.1 and gp17.1*, share a common N-terminal sequence.
  • gp17.1* is generated via a programmed +1 translational frameshift in gene 17.1, adding an extra domain.

Key Insights:

  • This frameshift results in the synthesis of approximately one gp17.1* for every three gp17.1 proteins.
  • This mechanism provides a novel understanding of how Siphoviridae phages construct intricate tail apparatuses using limited protein components.

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Isolation of Genomic DNA from Mouse Tails

Published on: July 29, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

The Tail Suspension Test
10:17

The Tail Suspension Test

Published on: January 28, 2012

An Alternant Method to the Traditional NASA Hindlimb Unloading Model in Mice
09:50

An Alternant Method to the Traditional NASA Hindlimb Unloading Model in Mice

Published on: March 10, 2011

Isolation of Genomic DNA from Mouse Tails
07:26

Isolation of Genomic DNA from Mouse Tails

Published on: July 29, 2007

Outlook:

  • The findings expand the known repertoire of translational frameshifts in biological systems.
  • This study offers a framework for understanding the evolution and assembly of complex viral structures.