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The relationship between pyridine nucleotides and seed dormancy.

Lee Hunt1, Julie E Gray1

  • 1University of Sheffield, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.

The New Phytologist
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Summary

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels correlate with seed dormancy depth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Lower NAD levels are associated with breaking seed dormancy, potentially influencing abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Seed dormancy is a critical trait regulating germination.
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism is proposed to play a role in dormancy regulation.
  • Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes exhibit varying degrees of seed dormancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of NAD metabolism in regulating seed dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To analyze NAD metabolites and enzyme activities in relation to seed dormancy depth.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of NAD metabolites and associated enzyme activities in different Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes.
  • Measurement of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation levels and germination sensitivity to MMS.
  • Quantification of reduced and oxidized pyridine nucleotides in dormant and non-dormant seeds.

Main Results:

  • NAD:NADP ratios correlated well with seed dormancy depth, with higher ratios in dormant Cvi seeds.
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity correlated with sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, not dormancy depth.
  • Breaking dormancy was associated with reduced NAD levels, but not increased NADP levels.

Conclusions:

  • NAD levels, not poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, are strongly linked to the depth of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis.
  • NAD kinase and NADP phosphatase activities may regulate the NAD:NADP ratio, influencing dormancy.
  • Reduced NAD levels during dormancy breaking may be linked to abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis.