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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However, frequent irregular...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...

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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Vitamins and cardiovascular disease.

S Honarbakhsh1, M Schachter

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, NHLI, ICL, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK. shohreh.honarbakhsh@ic.ac.uk

The British Journal of Nutrition
|October 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vitamins show inconsistent results for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Targeted vitamin combinations may benefit specific populations like smokers and diabetics, but more research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Nutritional Science
  • Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity.
  • The role of vitamin supplementation in CVD prevention remains controversial, with inconsistent findings from observational studies and randomized controlled trials.
  • Previous trials have not confirmed benefits for primary or secondary CVD prevention and some suggest potential harm in specific patient groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the inconsistent data regarding vitamin supplementation and cardiovascular disease.
  • To investigate the potential benefits of specific vitamin combinations and targeted populations.
  • To identify potential future roles for vitamins in managing CVD.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of existing observational studies and randomized controlled trials on vitamin supplementation and CVD.
  • Analysis of the effects of single versus combination vitamin therapies.
  • Examination of potential pro-oxidant effects of certain vitamins (e.g., beta-carotene) and antioxidant effects of others (e.g., vitamins E and C).

Main Results:

  • Randomized controlled trials have largely failed to demonstrate a significant benefit of vitamin supplementation for CVD prevention.
  • Some studies suggest beta-carotene may have pro-oxidant effects, potentially negating benefits of other vitamins in combination therapies.
  • Combination therapy of vitamins E and C has shown anti-atherogenic effects, but clinical endpoint data remain inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support the general use of vitamin supplements for CVD prevention.
  • Vitamins may be beneficial for specific subgroups, such as smokers, diabetics, and the elderly, who are prone to oxidative stress.
  • Further research is needed to define optimal vitamin combinations and target populations for potential therapeutic benefits in CVD.