Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 29, 2026

How Virtual Celebrity Characteristics Drive Purchase Intention: Testing the Stimulus-Organism-Response Framework with Structural Equation Modeling
Published on: March 3, 2026
Factors affecting job and career satisfaction among community pharmacists: a structural equation modeling approach
Matthew M Murawski1, Nalin Payakachat, Cynthia Koh-Knox
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, USA. murawski@pharmacy.purdue.edu
Objectives:
To investigate the effects of continuing pharmacy education (CPE), preceptorship, and the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting job and career satisfaction.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Two grocery store pharmacy chains located in Indiana between May 2002 and February 2004.
Participants:
108 community pharmacists.
Intervention:
Self-administered survey.
Main Outcome Measures:
Structural equation modeling was used to determine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, perceived benefits of CPE, advanced training, and being a preceptor on community pharmacists' job and career satisfaction.
Results:
Job satisfaction predicted career satisfaction (regression weight 0.49, P = 0.007). The final model comprised extrinsic factors only (regression coefficient = 0.897, P = 0.013) with reasonable-fit indices (X2 ratio = 1.38, root mean square error of approximation = 0.07 [90% CI 0.05-0.09], Bentler comparative fit index 0.915). Intrinsic factors were omitted because of insignificant regression weight (B) in the initial model (B = 0.24, P = 0.278). CPE and preceptorship provided significantly positive effects on extrinsic factors, with coefficients of 0.30 (P = 0.029) and 0.27 (P = 0.027), respectively. While perceived value of being a preceptor contributed significantly to extrinsic factors related to job satisfaction, it was associated with a negative impact on career satisfaction (B = -0.41, P = 0.005). Advanced training had a negative impact on career satisfaction (B = -0.21, P = 0.114).
Conclusion:
Job and career satisfaction are significantly influenced by extrinsic factors and may increase when pharmacists enroll in CPE programs and/or precept students. Pharmacists may engage in precepting in an attempt to increase job satisfaction. Further research in this area is needed.
Related Concept Videos
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis
Pharmacodynamic Models: Link Model and Systems Pharmacodynamic Model
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components
Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
