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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...
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Impact of Groups on Groups

Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
Robbers Cave04:49

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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
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Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
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Microbial cooperation involves beneficial interactions in which different species work together for individual or mutual advantage. These interactions can profoundly influence ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and they are essential to many pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.Nematode–Bacteria CooperationA striking example is the relationship between the Gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Juvenile nematodes...

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The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

Between-group competition and human cooperation.

Mikael Puurtinen1, Tapio Mappes

  • 1Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland. hemipu@bytl.jyu.fi

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|October 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Group competition resolves social dilemmas by increasing cooperation and productivity. This intergroup conflict also intensifies moral emotions like anger and guilt, promoting cooperative norms.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Human cooperation among non-relatives is common but challenging to maintain due to free-riding incentives.
  • The 'public goods' dilemma illustrates how individual self-interest can undermine collective benefit.
  • Competition at higher organizational levels may influence cooperation dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of intergroup competition on within-group cooperation in a public goods game.
  • To determine if group competition affects overall productivity and moral emotions.
  • To understand the role of group conflict in the evolution of human cooperation and morality.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of intergroup competition in a public goods game.
  • Measurement of within-group cooperation levels and resource contribution.
  • Assessment of participants' moral emotions (anger, guilt) related to cooperation norms.

Main Results:

  • Group competition significantly increased within-group cooperation and overall productivity.
  • Competition resolved the public goods social dilemma, mitigating free-riding.
  • Violations of cooperative norms under group competition intensified feelings of anger and guilt.

Conclusions:

  • Intergroup competition is a key factor in maintaining costly within-group cooperation.
  • Group conflict enhances moral emotions, reinforcing social norms.
  • This dynamic sheds light on the evolutionary pathways of human cooperation and moral sentiments.