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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

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Fatal iatrogenic hyperphosphatemia.

Semaan Kosseifi¹, Dima Nassour, Ryland P Byrd

¹Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN 37684-4000, USA.

The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association

|October 3, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertonic sodium phosphate enemas can cause severe toxicity, including cardiac arrest, especially in elderly patients or those with kidney issues. Dehydration significantly increases the risk of these dangerous adverse effects.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Gastroenterology
Toxicology

Background:

Hypertonic sodium phosphate enemas are common laxatives for constipation.
While generally safe, they can cause fluid and electrolyte shifts.

Observation:

An elderly patient with normal renal function experienced severe hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and cardiac arrest after enema use for ileus.
This case highlights potential severe toxicity.

Findings:

Enema retention or administration in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate can lead to severe toxicity.
Moderate dehydration is a critical risk factor for adverse effects.

Implications:

Clinicians must carefully assess patients for risk factors before prescribing hypertonic phosphate enemas.
Awareness of dehydration's role is crucial in preventing severe adverse events and patient harm.