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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

Adsorption Isotherms II

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...
Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control01:23

Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control

The addition of a hydrogen halide to 1,3-butadiene gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Since more substituted alkenes are more stable, the 1,4-adduct is expected to be the major product. However, the product distribution is strongly influenced by temperature; low temperature favors the 1,2-adduct, whereas the 1,4-adduct is predominant at high temperature.
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...

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An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints
08:42

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[Volatilization behavior of BTEX on different underlying materials].

Ling Tong1, Xi-Lai Zheng, Mei Li

  • 1Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. tclgirl@126.com

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
|October 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) volatilize differently based on underlying materials. Water, sand, and soil affect BTEX volatility, which correlates with vapor pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Geochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Context:

  • Petroleum works often involve diverse underlying materials, necessitating understanding of volatile organic compound (VOC) behavior.
  • Controlling and mitigating leaks and pollution from VOCs requires knowledge of their environmental fate.
  • Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are common VOCs of concern in industrial settings.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the volatilization behavior of BTEX compounds and mixtures on three distinct underlying materials.
  • To develop optimized simulation formulas for BTEX volatilization kinetics.
  • To analyze the influence of underlying material properties on BTEX volatilization dynamics.

Summary:

  • BTEX volatilization rates varied: Benzene > Toluene > BTEX mixture > Dimethylbenzene > Ethylbenzene.
  • Volatility decreased with underlying material type: Water > Sand > Soil.
  • Volatility coefficient showed a positive linear correlation with BTEX vapor pressure across all materials.
  • Underlying materials influence volatilization by altering surface area and pore availability.

Impact:

  • Provides crucial data for environmental risk assessment and remediation strategies in petroleum-affected areas.
  • Enhances predictive models for VOC transport and fate in soil and groundwater.
  • Informs the development of effective containment and control measures for BTEX emissions.