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Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

The telosome/shelterin complex and its functions.

Huawei Xin¹, Dan Liu, Zhou Songyang

¹Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

|October 3, 2008

Summary

Telomeres protect chromosome ends and regulate cell proliferation. The identified shelterin complex is vital for telomere maintenance and signaling functions.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cell Biology

Background:

Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
They play critical roles in chromosome stability and cell division regulation.
Telomere dysfunction is linked to aging and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the protein complex associated with telomeres.
To understand the role of this complex in telomere maintenance and function.
To elucidate the mechanisms of intracellular signaling involving telomeres.

Main Methods:

Identification of telomere-associated proteins.
Biochemical analysis of the protein complex.
Functional studies in cellular models.

More Related Videos

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

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Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Published on: January 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Published on: April 12, 2021

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Published on: January 17, 2019

Main Results:

A complex of six proteins, termed the telosome or shelterin complex, was identified.
This complex is essential for maintaining telomere structure.
The shelterin complex is crucial for telomere-mediated intracellular signaling.

Conclusions:

The shelterin complex is a key regulator of telomere function.
It plays a dual role in protecting chromosome ends and controlling cell proliferation.
Understanding shelterin is critical for comprehending genome stability and cellular aging.