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Atopic dermatitis in premature and term children.

B Kvenshagen¹, M Jacobsen, R Halvorsen

¹Department of Paediatrics, Oestfold Hospital Trust, 1603 Fredrikstad, Norway. bent-kv@online.no

Archives of Disease in Childhood

|October 3, 2008

Summary

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children under two years old is 18.6%, with no significant differences observed between premature and term infants. Food allergies affect 15.8% of children with AD, regardless of birth status or delivery method.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric dermatology
Allergy and immunology
Neonatal care

Background:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition in children.
Premature birth and mode of delivery are potential risk factors for developing AD and food allergies.
Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of AD is crucial for early intervention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in premature versus term infants.
To assess the frequency of food allergy in children diagnosed with AD.
To investigate if the mode of delivery (cesarean section vs. vaginal delivery) influences AD prevalence.

Main Methods:

A prospective follow-up study involving 609 children (193 premature, 416 term) over two years.
Clinical assessment of AD symptoms using the SCORAD index and evaluation for food allergies.
Diagnostic tests included skin prick tests, specific IgE measurements, elimination diets, and double-blind placebo-controlled challenges.

Main Results:

The overall prevalence of AD at two years was 18.6% (19.9% in premature, 17.9% in term infants).
Food allergy was present in 15.8% of children with AD, with similar rates in premature and term infants.
AD prevalence was comparable between children delivered via cesarean section (17.5%) and vaginally (19.1%).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of AD in the first two years of life is approximately 18.6%, not significantly differing between premature and term children.
Food allergies occur in 15.8% of children with AD, with no significant difference based on prematurity.
The mode of delivery does not appear to influence the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in early childhood.