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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

A novel DNA sequence periodicity decodes nucleosome positioning.

Kaifu Chen1, Qingshu Meng, Lina Ma

  • 1Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Nucleic Acids Research
|October 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel 120.9-nt DNA sequence periodicity was discovered in Trichomonas vaginalis, linked to nucleosome organization. This finding reveals how DNA sequence patterns influence gene expression and chromatin structure.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • DNA sequences exhibit known periodicities (3-nt and 10.5-nt) linked to molecular mechanisms like codon structure and helix formation.
  • Understanding DNA sequence periodicities is crucial for deciphering genome and transcriptome organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel DNA sequence periodicities in the genome and transcriptome of Trichomonas vaginalis.
  • To investigate the origin, characteristics, and functional implications of the observed novel periodicity.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis genome and transcriptome sequences.
  • Experimental validation of the association between the novel periodicity and nucleosome structure.
  • Nucleotide variation analysis between linker and wrapping DNA.

Main Results:

  • A novel 120.9-nt DNA sequence periodicity was identified, originating near the 5'-end of transcripts and weakening along their length.
  • This periodicity constrains codon usage and amino acid composition.
  • The periodicity was experimentally validated and associated with nucleotide variations in nucleosome-organized DNA (linker vs. wrapping DNA).
  • Similar periodicities were found in other organisms, correlating with nucleosome unit length.

Conclusions:

  • The novel 120.9-nt DNA sequence periodicity is a signature of regular nucleosome organization.
  • Nucleosomes appear to be well-positioned, particularly near the 5'-end of transcripts.
  • This discovery provides insights into the interplay between DNA sequence, chromatin structure, and gene regulation.