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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: case series and review

Mazullah Kamran1, Amrit Guptan, Monika Bogal

  • 1Sinai Medical Center, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, The Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Box 1030, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Mazullah.Kamran@msnyuhealth.org

The Journal of Invasive Cardiology
|October 3, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of heart attacks. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of SCAD improves patient survival.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death.
  • SCAD can affect individuals without traditional atherosclerosis risk factors.
  • Predisposing conditions include the peripartum state, fibromuscular dysplasia, and inflammatory arteropathies.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis of SCAD is typically confirmed via coronary angiography.
  • A series of SCAD patients from a single institution were reviewed.
  • The review encompasses etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies, and patient prognosis.

Findings:

  • SCAD presents as a tear in the coronary artery wall, leading to potential blood flow obstruction.
  • Key diagnostic findings are visualized during coronary angiography.
  • Treatment modalities range from conservative medical management to interventional procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention or surgical repair.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and intervention in SCAD cases are crucial for improving patient outcomes and survival rates.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies and pathogenesis of SCAD can guide preventative strategies.
  • Further research into SCAD's underlying mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets.

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