Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 29, 2026
08:50
Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice
Published on: October 18, 2024
Bariatric surgery, safety and type 2 diabetes
Elias Spanakis1, Claudia Gragnoli
1Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex & Monogenic Disorders, Department of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, H044, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Obesity Surgery
|October 3, 2008
Summary
Bariatric surgery offers significant weight loss, improving type 2 diabetes (T2D) management more than other methods. This review explores surgical options, T2D remission mechanisms, and suitability for diverse patient groups.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic disorders
- Surgical interventions
Background:
- Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are significant US health issues.
- Weight loss is crucial for T2D management, reducing morbidity and mortality.
- Current non-surgical methods yield limited weight loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review bariatric surgery types, safety, and T2D impact.
- To explore mechanisms behind T2D remission post-surgery.
- To assess bariatric surgery's applicability in specific populations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of bariatric surgery studies.
- Analysis of safety profiles and T2D outcomes.
- Examination of T2D remission mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Bariatric surgery provides superior weight loss compared to lifestyle, behavioral, and pharmacological approaches.
- Significant T2D amelioration or remission is observed in post-bariatric surgery patients.
- Various surgical procedures exist with distinct safety profiles.
Conclusions:
- Bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for T2D management in obese individuals.
- Understanding remission mechanisms is key for optimizing T2D treatment.
- Further evaluation is needed for T2D treatment in specific populations including pregnant women, children, adolescents, and the elderly.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:25Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...