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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
Published on: November 24, 2021
[Influence of different penetration enhancers on Lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation]
Min Han1, Yun-Wei Zhong, Xin-Ping Li
1Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Objective:
To investigate the effects of different kinds and concentration of transdermal enhancers on Lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation when used individually or together.
Method:
Using modified Franz-type diffusion cell and excised human body skin as an in vitro transdermal model, the concentration of lappaconitine was determined by HPLC, then cumulative permeation quantity (Q) and stability rate (J) of progesterone were calculated.
Result:
Penetration enhancers such as propylene glycol, dodecanol, IPM, and particularly 3% OA and Azone, can significantly enhance the penetration rate of lappaconitine. Concentration effect of penetration enhancers concentration on lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation were found in experiments, the permeation effect of Azone was better than Azone + OA and Azone + propylene glycol.
Conclusion:
The transdermal rate of lappaconitine from batch which contains 3% OA or Azone is higher than others. Combination of Azone with other penetration enhancers is not recommended for Lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation.
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